Lesson 24: Dia & Hue
How to Use This Lesson
This lesson is divided into six sections. Please move through them in this order: Warm-Up, Grammar, Vocabulary, Practice, Review, Flashcards.
Do not try to memorize! Just read through the content attentively. We will have plenty of exercises and reviews later!
How much do you remember?
Check the boxes for words you think you know. Then click Show Answers to reveal the meanings.
Dia & Hue
When you use certain words as adjectives, you may be a bit confused about what they mean. For example:
Enter dia and hue! Dia is used to indicate an agent or role, while hue is used to indicate a recipient, like this:
If you have trouble remembering which is which, notice their sounds are the same as the markers! That is, dia has i + a (actor), and hue has u + e (receiver).
Here are some words and what they mean with each:
| Oravia | English | + Dia | + Hue |
|---|---|---|---|
| anye | to make | maker | made |
| anita | to take | taker | taken |
| anopu | to lose | loser | lost |
| anocari | to leave | leaver | left behind |
| anelem | to keep | keeper | kept |
| geldove | sell | seller | sold |
| eomio | support | supporter | supported |
| mo | eat | eater | eaten |
Dia may be used to derive words about roles or professions. For example:
Finally, hue may be used to create passive voice. To do this, you use it on the verb and indicate the doer with de, like this:
a falen i vanpai e eofa = the child kicks their friend.
a eofa i vanpai hue de falen = the friend is kicked by the child.
Of course, the order is still flexible:
e eofa i vanpai a falen = the child kicks their friend.
de falen i vanpai hue a eofa = the friend is kicked by the child.
To sum it up:
Now try to create a sentence using dia and hue, or 3 if you're up for a challenge!
NO Subclusters
Let's take a deeper look at the NO Cluster!
| Oravia | English |
|---|---|
| nomie | seems |
| norven | already |
| noniu | some |
| noli | now |
| none | have |
| noder | even |
| noi | here |
| norfih | enough |
| nordau | far |
| norocu | almost |
We only have one subcluster here: NOR. It indicates proximity to a reference point:
nordau (far) is not close at all,
norocu (almost) is just below the threshold,
norfih (enough) is exactly there,
norven (already) is past it.
🌍 Sound Connections
Nor comes from Latin norma (standard, reference point), which is the origin of the English word "norm".
We also have an interesting word here, noder (even). We can pair it with mai to express concessions. For example:
Nim i none e beivu, mai i dai i vanvu.
I have a car, but I like to walk.
Noder nim i none e beivu, mai i dai i vanvu.
Even (though) I have a car, (but) I like to walk.
```
Nim i eodya hue, mai anvum.
I was invited, but I am not going.
Noder nim i eodya hue, mai anvum
Even (though) I was invited, (but) I am not going.
```
Now try to create a sentence using NO words, or 3 if you're up for a challenge!
You are ready for the exercise now!
Matching Games
Time to practice! Match the Oravia words with their English meanings. Use sound-meaning associations as clues. For example, the subcluster sound tells you the category, even for words you haven't seen before.
If you don't remember or make a mistake, that's totally fine! We will have plenty of opportunities to practice. Right now just give it a try.
Click one word from each column to match them. The game will check automatically when you select both words.
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Review Missed Words
This section shows words you got wrong during practice. If you didn't miss any, this will be empty - great job! 🎉
🎉 Lesson 24 Complete!
If you missed any words, check the Review tab to practice them again.
Come back tomorrow for Lesson 25.