Lesson 44: O Marker
How to Use This Lesson
Every lesson is divided into five sections. Please move through them in this order: Warm-Up, Grammar, Vocabulary, Exercise, Review, and then Exercise and Review once more to see how much you've improved.
Do not try to memorize! Just read through the content attentively. We will have plenty of exercises and reviews later!
How much do you remember?
Check the boxes for words you think you know. Then click Show Answers to reveal the meanings.
O Marker
We already know the markers a (subject), e (direct object), i (verb) and u (indirect object). This lesson we will learn our last marker, o.
We use o to give emphasis to what comes after it. Here are some examples:
o nim! = it's me!
o nima i anvu = WE will go
run o faibor = you're the one
o faejal = the man
i anona o u run = I give it to YOU (and not someone else)
If we use it before the verb, we emphasize the action. Without a specific subject, it can be read as an order:
If we use it before the verb complement, we emphasize the complement and de-emphasize the subject. This is how we build passive voice:
o e leirih i vonlu = the tree was touched
i yean o e yemiodu = the pillow was sewn
a eofa i vanpai o e falen = the kid was kicked by the friend
To sum up:
o marker = emphasis
o i [verb] = imperative, orders (emphasis on the action)
o e [object] = passive (emphasis on the object)
Now try to create a sentence using o, or 3 if you're up for a challenge!
EL CLUSTER
Let's dig deeper into this amazing cluster, EL:
| Oravia | English |
|---|---|
| elarih | divine |
| elaora | religion |
| eleyel | love |
| elenon | journey |
| eleyus | dream |
| elireva | truth |
| elirota | moral |
| elihei | self |
| elomio | help |
| elodan | free, freedom |
| elonor | peace |
I will tell you the meanings of the four subclusters and you will try to match which is which. Ready?
One is about social virtues: things people do to each other, that depend on a societal structure and social obligation.
One is about intrinsic values.
One is about self-expansion.
One is about religious words.
What do you think is the subcluster sound of each?
If you are not clear which is which, or if you forget the subcluster, remember it's totally okay to not use it! You could say for example elenon or elnon, they both mean journey! You can also say just ele (self-expansion) or non (way, path), although the meaning would be a little broader.
🌍 Sound Connections
Ela is like Aramaic Elah, which means God. It is related to other Semitic words like Arabic Allah and Hebrew El, from which we got names like Gabriel, Michael and Daniel.
Elo is like Latin eloqui, which means to speak out.
Eli has the same e-i pattern as the Greek ethikos, from which English words like ethical came from.
Ce run eleyus?
You are ready for the exercise now!
Matching Games
Time to practice! Match the Oravia words with their English meanings.
If you don't remember or make a mistake, that's totally fine! We will have plenty of opportunities to practice. Right now just give it a try.
Click one word from each column to match them. The game will check automatically when you select both words.
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Matching Games
Time to practice! Match the Oravia words with their English meanings.
If you don't remember or make a mistake, that's totally fine! We will have plenty of opportunities to practice. Right now just give it a try.
Click one word from each column to match them. The game will check automatically when you select both words.
After completing the Exercises and Review, try it again to see how much you've improved.
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Review Missed Words
This section shows words you got wrong during practice. If you didn't miss any, this will be empty - great job! 🎉
🎉 Lesson 44 Complete!
If you missed any words, check the Review tab to practice them again.
Come back tomorrow for Lesson 45.