Lesson 40: Gradation
How to Use This Lesson
Every lesson is divided into five sections: Warm-Up, Grammar, Vocabulary, Exercise, and Review. Please move through these tabs in order.
Do not try to memorize! Just read through the content attentively. We will have plenty of exercises and reviews later!
How much do you remember?
Check the boxes for words you think you know. Then click Show Answers to reveal the meanings and uncheck any you got wrong.
Gradation
Remember the NE cluster, which has function words related to quantity? NE does something else very important, too! We use ne+number to express the degree of something, and the scale always goes from 0 to 10. For example:
netor yuvabo = 2 out of 10 comfortable = a little comfortable
nealem yuvabo = 4 out of 10 comfortable = somewhat comfortable
neteva yuvabo = 6 out of 10 comfortable = rather comfortable
nedas yuvabo = 10 out of 10 comfortable = super comfortable
So when we use ne+number in front of an adjective, we are talking about the intensity or quantity of that. Another example:
We can pair it with other words besides adjectives. For example, lirul:
nesunya lirul = 0 out of 10 habit = never
nepar lirul = 3 out of 10 habit = sometimes
nealui lirul = 5 out of 10 habit = half the time
neauta lirul = 8 out of 10 habit = often
nedas lirul = 10 out of 10 habit = every time
Or, ilie:
nesunya ilie = 0 out of 10 likelihood = impossible
nepar ilie = 3 out of 10 likelihood = possibly
nealui ilie = 5 out of 10 likelihood = 50/50
neperi ilie = 7 out of 10 likelihood = likely
neauta ilie = 8 out of 10 likelihood = probably
nedas ilie = 10 out of 10 likelihood = certainly
You can apply this to any gradable dimension, really.
To sum up:
ne + number = gradation out of 10
ne + number [adjective] = intensity [adjective]
ne + number lirul = frequency
ne + number ilie = likelihood
Now try to create 3 sentences using ne+number.
LE SUBCLUSTER
Let's take a look at the LE subclusters!
| Oravia | English |
|---|---|
| ledom | land |
| levi | fertile |
| leno | soil |
| lenodur | rock |
| leafou | desert |
| leamoma | farm |
| leayo | garden |
| lealei | forest |
| leipili | flower |
| leinou | grass |
| leini | seed |
| leirih | tree |
| leide | root |
What do you think LEA and LEI mean?
And here are some other meanings:
| Oravia | English |
|---|---|
| ledom | land, territory |
| levi | fertile, nutrient, fertilizer |
| leno | soil, dirt, clay |
| lenodur | rock, stone |
| leafou | desert, to lack |
| leamoma | farm, to cultivate |
| leayo | garden, park |
| lealei | forest, jungle |
| leipili | flower |
| leinou | grass, lawn |
| leini | seed |
| leirih | tree, wood |
| leide | root, tuber |
Ce yo leipili run i dairan?
En rune bo i dami a leayo dou leinou?
You are ready for the exercise now!
Matching Games
Time to practice! Match the Oravia words with their English meanings.
If you don't remember or make a mistake, that's totally fine! We will have plenty of opportunities to practice. Right now just give it a try.
Click one word from each column to match them. The game will check automatically when you select both words.
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Matching Games
Time to practice! Match the Oravia words with their English meanings.
If you don't remember or make a mistake, that's totally fine! We will have plenty of opportunities to practice. Right now just give it a try.
Click one word from each column to match them. The game will check automatically when you select both words.
After completing the Exercises and Review, try it again to see how much you've improved.
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
Round 6
Round 7
Round 8
Round 9
Review Missed Words
This section shows words you got wrong during practice, and words you didn't know in the Warm-Up. If you didn't miss any, this will be empty - great job! 🎉
🎉 Lesson 23 Complete!
If you missed any words, check the Review tab to practice them again.
Come back tomorrow for Lesson 24.