Lesson 20: AR/IS
How to Use This Lesson
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Do not try to memorize! Just read through the content attentively. We will have plenty of exercises and reviews later!
How much do you remember?
Check the boxes for words you think you know. Then click Show Answers to reveal the meanings and uncheck any you got wrong.
AR/IS
Today we will learn two very useful concepts, AR and IS.
AR is used to mean something that has been completed.
IS is used to mean something that has not yet started.
Typically, our reference is the present moment. As a result, completed events are usually in the past and events not yet started are usually in the future. So, if your language uses past and future tenses, ar may feel past-like and is may feel future-like. That intuition will serve you well most of the time! There are a few cases in which ar and is don't correspond exactly to past and future, but we will look at this later.
You can attach ar and is to the end of a word. When we use it on a verb, ar means the action has been completed, and is means the action has not yet started. The base verb form is the generic form, and in some contexts can be understood as ongoing. Let's see how this works:
liyar i moar = this morning I ate / completed eating
i mo e moaria = I eat an apple / I am eating an apple
limel i mois = tonight I will eat / not yet started eating
But it's not only for verbs! You can use it in all kinds of words:
And this includes LI words:
litamar = litam + ar = the completed day, yesterday
litamis = litam + is = the day yet to start, tomorrow
Let's try to say next minute and last week.
Notice that ar and is are optional. That is, if clear from context, you can just use the base verb.
Now try to create 3 sentences using ar and is:
BE Cluster
Let's take a look at the BE Cluster!
| Oravia | English |
|---|---|
| bejae | luggage |
| bevio | shop |
| bedam | square |
| bejui | rent |
| beitor | bicycle |
| beivu | car |
| beilem | station |
| beitan | bus, wagon |
What do you think the BE Cluster is about?
We also have a subcluster here. Can you identify the subcluster sound and what it means?
Sound Connections
Take a look at the words in the BEI subcluster. Notice any syllables that you already know from previous vocabulary? What do they mean?
Now try to create 3 sentences using BE words:
You are ready for the exercise now!
Matching Games
Time to practice! Match the Oravia words with their English meanings.
If you don't remember or make a mistake, that's totally fine! We will have plenty of opportunities to practice. Right now just give it a try.
Click one word from each column to match them. The game will check automatically when you select both words.
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
Matching Games
Time to practice! Match the Oravia words with their English meanings.
If you don't remember or make a mistake, that's totally fine! We will have plenty of opportunities to practice. Right now just give it a try.
Click one word from each column to match them. The game will check automatically when you select both words.
After completing the Exercises and Review, try it again to see how much you've improved.
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
Round 6
Review Missed Words
This section shows words you got wrong during practice, and words you didn't know in the Warm-Up. If you didn't miss any, this will be empty - great job! 🎉
🎉 Lesson 20 Complete!
If you missed any words, check the Review tab to practice them again.
Come back tomorrow for the Milestone.